I arrive at the Rock Garden on a hot,
sultry evening shortly after Nek Chand’s demise. His death has been closely and
eerily followed by Le Corbusier’s and has expedited my forever pending trip to Chandigarh.
And I do not seem to be the only one: the place is swarming with people of all
shapes and sizes, age and gender; the spacious parking lot is full, and the
queue in front of the ticket booth serpentine.
The Rock Garden looks ordinary
from outside. It has high, cemented boundary walls and a low, narrow gate to
get inside. The only unusual thing I spot is a row of geese sitting atop the
boundary, dressed in pieces of ceramic.
All the pictures I have ever seen
of the Rock Garden have given me an impression of a wide-open space with the
famous cement figures jutting out of concrete floor. Since someone had once told
me there was landscaping and a waterfall too, I had imagined those to be a part
of the background. Presently I can neither see the statuettes, nor any open
space: the low, arched gate has led me into a winding alley whose walls seem to
be closing in on me: it is so narrow that only one person can walk through it
at a time. Expecting to find a waterfall here seems out of the question.
I walk through the alley and
reach a small juncture with a little pond to the left and a walkway to the
right. A young couple clicks selfies by the pond and the steady stream of
visitors duck their heads to walk through the walkway. Adjacent to the walkway
is a tiny room; with low ceiling and dark interior, it looks more like the
mouth of a cave. A signboard tells me this is the room where Nek Chand had
begun the creation of the Rock Garden back in 1958.
The story of how Rock Garden came
about is a legend in its own right.
Shortly after independence, with
Lahore moving to Pakistan, Punjab needed a new capital. Nehru, it is believed,
wanted a to create a city that would be India’s answer to the modern capital
cities of the west and handed over this responsibility to the renowned
French-Swiss architect, Le Corbusier. Well known for his designs and symmetry,
Corbusier created an architectural masterpiece with perfect squares and
boulevards, distinct residential and business districts; iconic office
complexes, lakes, parks, marketplaces, and, decorated it with lots and lots of
greenery. This city was called Chandigarh.
Alongside the construction of the
modern marvel of Corbusier, another story was unfolding. While the famous
French architect was painstakingly creating Nehru’s dream city, a humble
Pakistan born Indian man called Nek Chand was busy giving shape to a world of
his own, right in the backyard of Corbusier’s perfectly planned township.
Nek Chand, who worked as a road
inspector with the Public Works Department, had witnessed the destruction of
scores of villages to make space for the city. He had also noticed the waste
that came with the destruction: broken roofs, tiles, cement bags, pipes,
stones, wires, metal sheets, drums, ceramic switches, pottery and a lot more.
Nek Chand, who had been fond of modeling and remodeling since his childhood,
secretly started gathering all the waste material on a piece of unused land and
toying with it in the dead of the night. His game of hide and seek went on for
about eighteen years, until the site was accidently discovered.
The barren piece of land had, by
now, been transformed into a work of art, although the authorities did not
think so. They were outraged by a humble road inspector’s audacity to use
government land, and threatened to raze his creation to ground. Thankfully
better sense prevailed. This piece of land went on to become one of the biggest
icons of Chandigarh and Nek Chand’s story a tale of the legend. Which, after
his death, seems to have become popular once again.
I follow the visitors through a
long, narrow tunnel and arrive at a landing. I can hardly believe what I see
next. Two large waterfalls stand right in front of me facing each other. They
are rocky, they are high, and they look inaccessible, and yet hoards of people
stand in and around the water squealing with joy, like children who have
discovered a hidden treasure. Some not-so-enthusiastic ones meanwhile can be
seen sitting on the stairs of an amphitheatre like space adjacent to the falls
gazing at the deep grey abstract murals.
If there is a pattern to the Rock
Garden, it is in its haphazardness: none of the walkways is straight, or broad,
or levelled; no two spaces look similar, and you don’t know what to expect
next. There are fort like high walls made up of cement sacks, there are low
boundaries created with upturned clay pots and electrical fuses, there are
arterial root like structures made with hosepipes, there are steep staircases
made with pebbles; there are also waterfalls, tunnels, ponds, wells, hutments,
canals, caves, and everything is carved out of some sort of waste.
After having witnessed the furor
and excitement at the waterfall, I walk through a rocky cave with a pebbly
floor next. Ahead of me is a Bengali family along with the grandmother in her
eighties unperturbed by the steep stairs and the slippery stones beneath her
feet, behind me is a Sikh family with noisy toddlers; along with me are boys
from IIM, girls from a local college, and a young swooning couple holding hands
and giggling from time to time. The Rock Garden, whose name is an oxymoron in
itself, is clearly a place for everyone.
The rocky cave leads to another
narrow clearing with a high cliff. On top of the cliff are models of big and
small houses, wells and a temple. The cliff is made of cinder and the houses
with discarded roof tiles and stones. The set up, engulfed in silence unlike
the noisy waterfall, looks like a cluster of homes in a village. Most of Nek
Chand’s work, in fact, is believed to have been modelled after the memories of
his village in pre-partitioned Punjab.
With ponds, wells, hutments,
temples, narrow lanes, uneven surfaces, and arched doors the place indeed recreates
an interesting ecology; the cliffs and waterfalls only add to the drama, but my
eyes are looking for Nek Chand’s trademark statuettes.
The statuettes, which are made of
cement and adorned with broken bangles, or pieces of ceramic cups and saucers,
have been the face of Chandigarh and Nek Chand as far as an outsider is
concerned, and I am no exception. I had come here looking for them, hours later
I have yet to lay my eyes on them. I can now spot exit signs and wonder if I
have missed a crucial turn and with it the figurines. When I ask, I am directed
towards the exit again. Wondering what the matter could be, I arrive in another
part of the rock garden totally different from what I have seen until now.
If the first part of the Rock
Garden was a disorganized village with unrelated parts of ecology coming
together, this part is order and symmetry personified. Considered as phase one
of the 25-acre complex, this is also where I finally come face to face with his
famous statuettes. Contrary to my imagination, they are neither jutting out of
a large flat surface, nor have waterfalls in the background. Instead, they stand
elegantly on flat inclined surfaces on either side of a broad lane with barren
walls behind them.
On one platform I see a cluster
of young boys in half-pants and bush shirts, standing in orderly files like
students awaiting their P.T teacher’s command to march ahead, on another is a
group of men squatting on the floor, smoking chillams and hukkahs. There
are more men and boys around: a band party with drums, trumpets, tambourines
and dancers; a group of revelers with food and beer, priests with dhotis and turbans, and qawwals with caps, they are dressed in
terracotta, broken tiles, glass bangles, cups and saucers; some are wearing
inverted bowls as caps, some have pointed hats made up of pebbles.
Just when I am getting a little
tired of the male dominance, I spot a platform full of women covered in stones,
their children attached to their sides – a metaphor I can totally relate to as
a mother. On another platform I spot a happy groups of girls in skirts dancing
gracefully, perhaps to the music that the men from the band party on the
opposite platform are playing.
But not everyone seems happy
here: a few yards away from the motley group are hundreds of men and women looking
dejected. They stand listlessly staring into nothingness. Some are dressed in
deep grey concrete, some covered with light grey cement; some stand in
attention, while some have drooping shoulders and bent backs. Their faces are
expressionless and their eyes blank. Some of them look lonely, some scary, and
some very, very sad; together they seem to be mourning their creator, Nek Chand.